The Viceroyalty
For nearly 300 years, Lima was the powerhouse of Spanish South America — controlling trade, silver and politics across the continent, its port of Callao linking the Andes to Europe.
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From Viceroyalty to Independence
Lima: History & Heritage
Founded in 1535 as the City of Kings, Lima rose to become the opulent capital of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru — and three centuries later, the very stage where Peruvian independence was proclaimed.
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Year founded as City of Kings
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Years as vice-royal capital
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Independence proclaimed
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Colonial balconies preserved
Historical Highlights
Three Centuries That Shaped a Continent
Independence
On 28 July 1821, General José de San Martín stood in Lima's Plaza Mayor and proclaimed: "From this moment, Peru is free and independent…" The date is still celebrated every year as Fiestas Patrias.
Read the full eraTreasures of Lima
Objects That Tell the Story
Tumi Ceremonial Knife
Pre-Columbian goldwork — see masterpieces like this at Museo Larco.
Moche Vessel
5,000 years of pottery tell Peru's story before the Spanish arrived.
Lima Mint Real
Silver 'pieces of eight' struck in Lima financed an empire.
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Everything You Need to Know
Ready to Walk Through History?
Four essential sites, entry prices and insider tips — everything you need for a day in the City of Kings.
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